REFERENCES
Ackhoff, R.
(1972). A note on systems science. Interfaces, August 40. WP Press,
ADEC
(1999). ADEC Distance Education Consortium. [On-line]. Available:
http://www.adec.edu/ [2000, January 17].
Anderson,
J.A. (1987). Communication research: issues and methods.
Ahuja, M.K. & Carley, K.M. (1998).
Network Structure in Virtual Organizations. Journal
of Computer Mediated Communication, 3(4). [On-line]. Available: http://jcmc.huji.ac.il/vol3/issue4/ [2000, January 19].
Barnard, J.
(1997). The World Wide Web and higher education: the promise of virtual
universities and online libraries. Educational Technology, May-June
30-35.
Bates, A.W.
(1983). Trends in the use of audio-visual media in distance education, 55-72;
227-241. In Sewart, D., Keegan, D. & Holmberg, B. (Eds.). Distance
education: international perspectives.
Bates, A.W.
(1984a). New technology and its impact on conventional and distance
education. (Papers on information technology No. 237).
Bates, A.W.
(Ed.) (1984b). The role of technology in distance education.
Bates, A.W.
(1992). Technology for distance education, 241-265. In Tait, A. (Ed.). Key
issues in open learning.
Bates, A.W.
(1993a). Theory and practice in the use of technology in distance
education, 213-233. In Keegan, D. (Ed.).
Theoretical principles of distance education.
Bates, A.W.
(1993b). Technology for distance education:
a ten year prospective, 176-190). In Harry, K., John, M. & Keegan, D.
(Eds.). Distance education: new perspectives.
Bates, A.W.
(1995). Technology, open learning and distance education.
Bates, A.W.
(1995). Creating the future: developing vision in open and distance learning,
42-51. In Lockwood, F. (Ed.). Open and distance learning today.
Bates, A.W. (1999). Strategies for the Future. [Online].
Available:
http://bates.cstudies.ubc.ca/strategies.html [2002, September 10].
Bates, A.W. (1999, July). Restructuring the university for technological change. Proceedings of the ED-MEDIA 99-World Conference on
Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia & Telecommunications.
Bates, A.W.
(2000). Managing technological change. Strategies for college and university
leaders.
Beare, H.
& Slaughter, R. (1993). Education for the twenty-first century.
Berge, Z.L. &
Schrum, L. (1998). Strategic planning linked with program implementation for
distance education. CAUSE/EFFECT, 21(3), 31-38.
Berners-Lee,
T. (1999a). The World Wide Web: A very short personal history. [Online].
Available: http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/ShortHistory [1999, July 10 ].
Berners-Lee,
T. (1999b). Press FAQ. [On-line]. Available:
http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/FAQ.html
[1999, July 10].
Bertalanffy,
L. Von (1968). General Systems Theory. Foundations, development,
applications.
Boone, E.J. (1985). Developing
Programs in Adult Education.
Boone, L.E. & Kurtz, D.L.
(1984). Principles of management. 2nd
edition.
Bos, E.S., Kikstra, A. &
Morgan, C.M. (1996, June). Multiple
levels of use of the Web as a learning tool. Proceedings of the ED-MEDIA
96-World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia &
Telecommunications.
Boyle, R.
(1996, June). A review and critique of constructivism. Proceedings of
the ED-MEDIA 96-World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia &
Telecommunications.
Bridgeman,
N.C (1998). Application of information technology to rural communities: Case
study Taranaki. PhD thesis:
Brusilovsky,
P. (1996, June). Adaptive Educational hypermedia: systems, techniques and
its implementation with World Wide Web. Workshop at ED-MEDIA 96-World Conference
on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia & Telecommunications,
Burch,
J.G. (1992). Systems analysis, design, and implementation.
Burns,
T. & Stalker, G.M. (1961). The management of innovation.
Butterfield,
S., Chambers, M., Moseley, B., Prebble, T., Uys, P., Woodhouse, D. (1999,
July). External quality assurance for the virtual institution. (AAU
Series on Quality Number 4).
Caladine,
R. (1993). Overseas Experience in Non-Traditional Modes of Delivery in
Higher Education Using State-of-the-Art Technologies: A Literature Review.
Cannon,
R.A. (1986). Theoretical perspectives in changing tertiary education. In Jones,
J. & Horsburgh, M. (Eds.). Research and development in higher education.
Carr, W.
& Kemmis, S. (1986). Becoming critical: education, knowledge and action
research. Falmer: Lewes.
Carver,
Cass, B.
(1996). Preface. In Smith, T. (1996). Ideas of the university.
Caulkin, S.
(Ed.). (1990). Drucker, Ohmae, Porter & Peters. Management briefings.
(Management Guides. Special report No.1202).
CENIC
(1999). The Corporation for Education Network Initiatives in
Chambers,
J.A., Mullins, J.Q., Pantelidis, V.S., Gay, E. & Loeffler, C.E. (1996,
June). Educational applications of virtual reality. Panel at the 18th
World International Council for Distance Education Conference.
Chambers,
M. (1998). The Virtual Classroom is Already Obsolete. TUANZ Topics,
Chein,
Chou, L., McClintock, R., Moretti, F. & Nix, D.H. (1993). Technology
and Education: New Wine in New Bottles. Choosing Pasts and Imagining
Educational Futures.
Chyou, J.
& Esiley, N. (1996, June). Facing
east: multimedia interface design for far eastern education. Proceedings of
the ED-MEDIA 96-World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia &
Telecommunications.
Clark, P.A.
(1972). Action research and organizational change.
CLUSTER
(1999). Consortium Linking Universities of Science and Technology for
Education and Research. [On-line]. Available: http://www.inpg.fr/INPG/US/62.html [2000, January 17].
Cohen, M.D.
& March, J.G. (1974). Leadership and ambiguity.
Collis, B.
(1996). Tele-learning in a digital world: The future of distance learning.
Collis, B.
(1998). New wine and old bottles? [Online]. Available:
http://utocp189.oc.utwente.nl/oc/dies/diesredescollis.htm [1998, July 13 ].
CTAG
(1997). Towards a snapshot of computer use in learning/teaching
at
Cunningham,
J.B. (1993). Action research and organizational development.
Daft,
R.L. (1989). Organization theory and design. 3rd edition.
Daniel,
J.S. (1998). Mega-universities and knowledge media. Technolgy strategies for
higher education.
David, J.L.
(1994). Realizing the promise of technology: a policy perspective, 169-190.
In Means, B. (Ed.) Technology and education reform -the reality behind the
promise,
Dearden,
DEC
Working Party (1991). Distance education discussion and direction papers.
Dede, Chris
(1995, July). The Transformation of Distance Education to Distributed
Learning. [Online]. Available
http://www.hbg.psu.edu/bsed/intro/docs/distlearn/ [1998, July 13].
Dhanarajan,
G. (1998). Shifting paradigms – the impact of globalisation on open,
flexible and distance learning. Opening address presented at 13th
Biennial
Drucker, P.F. (1985). Innovation and
entrepreneurship.
Drucker, P.F. (1989). The new realities – in
government and politics, in economics and business, in society and world view.
Drucker, P.F. (1995). Managing in a time of great
change.
Drucker, P.F. (1998). Peter Drucker on the
profession of management.
ECIU
(1999). ECIU - European Consortium of Innovative Universities.
[On-line]. Available: http://www.nc.auc.dk/eciu/ [2000, January 16].
Elliot, J.
(1991). Action research for educational change.
Esquer, G.N. & Sheremetov, L. (1999, July). Process Engineering Model and Tools for a Collaborative
Learning Environment. Proceedings of the ED-MEDIA 99-World Conference
on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia & Telecommunications.
Evans, F.J.
& Franz, J.B. (1998, April). Managing change in the global university. Proceedings of the Towards the Global
University: Strategies for the Third Millennium Conference.
Evans, T.
& Nation, D. (1992). Theorising open and distance education. Open
Learning 7(2), 3-13.
Evans, T.
& Nation, D. (1993). Reforming open and distance education. Critical
reflections.
Farrell,
G.M (Ed.). (1999). The development of virtual education: a global
perspective.
Forsythe,
K. (1984). Satellite and cable, 57-65. In Bates, A.W. (Ed.). The role of
technology in distance education.
Frederick, H.H. (1993). Global communication &
international relations.
Fullan,
M.G. (1991,). The new meaning of educational change. 2nd
edition.
Gabel, M.R.
& Feeg, V.. (1996, June). Institutional academic staff development in
education technologies to improve classroom teaching: launching the IDO pioneers
and guides. Proceedings of the ED-MEDIA 96-World Conference on Educational
Multimedia, Hypermedia & Telecommunications.
Garrison, D.R. (1989). Understanding
distance education. A framework for the future.
GATE
(1999). The global alliance for transnational education. [On-line].
Available: http://www.edugate.org/ [2000,
January 17].
Geteducated,
(1999). Directory of Online Colleges,
Gibson,
M.L. & Hughes, C.T. (1994). Systems analysis and design. A comprehensive
methodology with CASE.
Glave, J. (1998). Dramatic
Internet Growth Continues. [On-line].
Available:
http://www.wired.com/news/news/technology/story/10323.html [1998, May 1].
Global
Virtual University (1999). The Global
Virtual University. [On-line].
Available: http://www.gvu.ac.nz/ [1999, December 28].
Goldenfarb,
M. (1995). Critical Success Factors in Diffusing a Campus Wide Information
System. Paper presented at AusWeb95 - The First Australian World Wide Web
Conference [Online]. Available:
http://www.scu.edu.au/sponsored/ausweb/ausweb95/papers/education4/goldenfarb/
[1998, June 20].
Graham,
Gray, M.
(1999). Web Growth Summary. [Online]. Available:
http://www.mit.edu/people/mkgray/net/web-growth-summary.html
[1999, July 10].
Gundry, J.
& Metes, G. (1996). Team Knowledge Management: A Computer Mediated
Approach. [On-line]. Available: http://www.knowab.co.uk/wbwteam.html [1999, April 9].
Gundry, J. & Metes, G. (1997). Intranet
Challenges: Online Work and Communication. [On-line]. Available: http://www.knowab.co.uk/wbwintra.html [1999, April 9].
Gunn, C.
(1998). Virtual technologies in higher education: vision or reality? 134-145.
In Peters, M. & Roberts, P. (Eds.). Virtual technologies and tertiary
education.
Hamilton, D. (1990). Learning
about education: the unfinished curriculum. Buckingham: Open University
Press. In Evans, T. & Nation, D. (1993). Reforming open and
distance education. Critical reflections.
Handy, C.
(1985). Understanding organisations. 3rd edition).
Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin. In Beare, H. & Slaughter, R. (1993). Education
for the twenty-first century.
Hanvey, M. (1998, August 4). Monitor: The
big picture in communications. The Bulletin: 48-51.
Harris, D. (1987). Openness and
closure in distance.
Hart,
Hartley, D.
(1995). The 'McDonaldization' of higher education: Food for thought.
Hashweh,
M.Z. (1996). Effects of science teachers' epistemological beliefs in teaching. Journal
of Research in Science Teaching 33:47-63.
Hawkridge, D. (1995). The big bang theory in distance education, 3-11. In
Lockwood, F. (Ed.), Open and distance learning today.
Hayes, R.
& Watts, R. (1986). Corporate revolution: new strategies for executive
leadership.
Heinrich,
R. (1970). Technology and the management of instruction. Monograph 4. Association
for educational communications and technologies,
Henri, F.
& Kaye, A. (1993). Problems of distance
education, 25-31. In Harry, K., John, M. & Keegan, D. (Eds.). Distance
education: new perspectives.
Hermann, A. (1997, June). I
didn’t think about that: second order consequences of the introduction of
technology in distance education contexts. Proceedings of 18th World
International Council for Distance Education Conference.
Herzberg,
F. (1960). Work and the nature of man.
Hiltz, S.R
(1986). The virtual classroom: using computer mediated communications for
university teaching. Journal of Communications 36(2).
Hiltz, S.R
(1995, March). Teaching in a virtual classroom. Paper presented at the
1995 International Conference on Computer Assisted Instruction ICCAI'95,
www.njit.education/njIT/Department/CCCC/VIRTUAL
CLASS/Papers/Teaching.html [1998, July
20].
Hodgson, V.E., Mann, S.J & Snell, R. (Eds).
(1987). Beyond Distance Teaching - Towards Open Learning. Milton Keynes:
Open University Press.
Holland, S.
(1987). The global economy - from meso to macroeconomics. London:
Weidenfield and Nicholson.
Holmberg,
B. (1977). Distance education: A survey and bibliography. London: Kogan
Page.
Holmberg,
B. (1995). Theory and practice of distance education. 2nd edition.
London &, New York: Routledge.
Holt, D.M.
& Thompson, D.J. (1995). Responding to the technological imperative: The
experience of an open and distance education institution. Distance Education
16:43-64.
Holt, D.M.
& Thompson, D.J. (1998). Management information technology in open and distance
education. Distance Education 19:197-227.
Hope, W.
(1998). Global transformation and the search for a new educational design.
TUANZ Topics 8(5):9.
Hyperwave (1998). Welcome to Hyperwave. [On-line].
Available:
http://www.hyperwave.de/
[1998, March 17].
ICQ (2000).
ICQ - World's Largest Internet Online Communication Network. [On-line].
Available: http://www.icq.com/ [2000, January 19].
IDC New
Zealand (1998). NUA Survey. [On-line]. Available:
http://www.nua.ie/surveys/how_many_online/asia.html
[1999, July 10].
ILT21
(1999). Information literacy definition. [On-line]. Available:
http://dewey.cc.duq.edu/definition.html [2000, January 3].
Indramalar,
S. (1999, April 23). Local varsities to set up consortium. The Star Online. [On-line].
Available: http://www.jaring.my/star/thursday/2904inme.html [2000, January 17].
Infotech (1
April 1997). New Zealand Internet Use. [On-line]. Available:
http://www.nua.ie/surveys/?f=VS&art_id=863080905&rel=true
[1999, July 10].
Innis, H.A. (1972). Empire and communications.
Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
International
Data Corporation (1999). NUA Internet Surveys. [On-line]. Available:
http://www.nua.ie/surveys/how_many_online/world.html
[1999, July 10].
Internet
Software Consortium (1999a). Number of Hosts advertised in the DNS. [On-line]. Available: http://www.isc.org/dsview.cgi?domainsurvey/report.html
[1999, July 10].
Internet
Software Consortium (1999b). Distribution by Top-Level Domain Name. [On-line]. Available: http://www.isc.org/ds/WWW-9907/dist-byname.html [2000, January 20].
Internet
Software Consortium (1999c). Internet Domain Survey, July 1999. [On-line]. Available: http://www.isc.org/ds/WWW-9907/report.html [2000,
January 20].
Jarvenpaa, S.L. & Leidner, D.E.
(1998). Communication and Trust in
Global Virtual Teams. Journal of Computer Mediated Communication, 3(4). [On-line]. Available: http://jcmc.huji.ac.il/vol3/issue4/jarvenpaa.html
[2000, January 19].
Jasperse,
J.A. (1992). Publishing New Zealand science on CD-ROM: an action research
approach. PhD thesis: Victoria University of Wellington.
Johnston,
R. & Challis, K. (1994). The learning relationship: A study of staff
development and satisfaction in relation to distance learning teaching. International
Journal of University Adult Education 33(1):62-76.
Johnston,
R. (1997). Distance learning: medium or message? Journal of Further and
Higher Education 21(1):107-122.
Jones, J.
& James, J.S. (1996, June). Implementation of new technologies in Hong
Kong Polytechnic University. Proceedings of the ED-MEDIA 96-World
Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia & Telecommunications.
Boston, MA: AACE.
Karol, N.H. & Ginsburg, S.G (1980). Managing the higher education
enterprise. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Katz, D.
& Kahn, R.L. (1966). The social psychology of organisations. New
York: John Wiley & Sons.
Katz, R. (Ed.) (1997). The Human side of managing technological
innovation : a collection of readings. New York: Oxford University Press.
Katz, R.
& Tushman, M.L. (1997). A study of the influence of technical gatekeeping
on project performance and career outcomes in an R & D facility, 331–346. In Katz, R. (Ed.). The Human side of managing technological innovation: a
collection of readings. New York: Oxford University Press.
Kearsley,
G. (1994). Explorations in Learning & Instruction: The Theory Into
Practice Database. [Online] Available http://www.gwu.edu/~tip/index.html
[1998, August 25].
Kemmis, S. & McTaggart, R. (Eds) (1988). The action research reader. 3rd
edition. Geelong: Deakin University.
Kolb, D.A.
(1984). Experiential Learning. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Koontz, H.
& Weirich, H. (1990). Esssentials of
management. 5th edition. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Kuhn, T.S.
(1962). The structure of scientific revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago
Press.
Landow,
G.P. (1992). Hypertext: the conference of contemporary critical theory and
technology. London: Routledge
Latchem, C.
(1995). See what I mean? Where compressed digital videoconferencing work,
99-107. In Lockwood, F. (Ed.), Open and distance learning today. London
& New York: Routledge.
Lau, R.
(1995, August). IT in South East Asia. Address to 1995 NZCS conference,
Wellington, New Zealand.
Laurillard,
D. (1993). Rethinking university teaching; a framework for the effective use
of educational technology. New York: Routledge.
Leavitt,
H.J., Pinfield, L., & Webb, E (1974). Organisations of the future: interaction
with the external environment. New York: Praeger.
Lennon, J
& Maurer, H. (1996, June). Flexible link architectures in hypermedia
systems. Proceedings of the ED-MEDIA 96-World Conference on Educational
Multimedia, Hypermedia & Telecommunications. Boston, MA: AACE.
Leslie, J.
(1994). Kids Connecting. Wired Magazine.
[On-line].
Available: http://wwww.wired.com/wired/1.5/features/kids.connecting.html
[1998, August 31].
Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority
problems. Journal of Social Issues 24:34-46. Reprinted in Deakin
University (1988). The action research reader. Geelong: Deakin
University.
Lewis, R.
(1992). What is open learning, 11-23? In Tait, A. (Ed.). Key issues in open
learning. Harlow: Longman.
Limerick,
D.C. & Cunnington, B. (1993). Managing the new organisation - A
blueprint for networks and strategic alliances. Chatswood, Australia:
Business & Professional Publishing.
Lipnack, J.
& Stamps, J. (1997). Virtual teams: Researching across space, time, and
organizations with technology. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Ljoså, E. (1992). Distance education in a
modern society, 80-93. .n Tait, A. (Ed.), Key issues in open learning.
Harlow: Longman.
Lobodzinski,
S.S. (1995). Using hypermedia in education. Workshop presented at Wellington
Polytechnic, Wellington, New Zealand.
Lobodzinski,
S.S. (1996). Hypermedia. Seminar held at Wellington Polytechnic,
Wellington, New Zealand.
Lobodzinski,
S.S. & Williams, J.R. (1996,
June). Interactive satellite distance
learning system. Proceedings of the ED-MEDIA 96-World Conference on
Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia & Telecommunications. Boston, MA: AACE.
Lovrich, M.
(1997). Statistics on the Web. [On-line].
Available: http://www.wnp.ac.nz/onlinec/vteam1/intstat1/index.htm
[1998, August 31].
Luke
(1978). The Holy Bible, New International Version. Cape Town, Bible
Society of South Africa.
Luke, T.
(1997) The politics of organizational change: the network university or a
“Net Working” University. Paper Presented at the School of Education,
University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Luke,
T. (1998, April 29). Virtual guru. NZ Education Review, 8.
Lundin, R.
1993, Overseas Experience in Non-Traditional Modes of Delivery in Higher
Education Using State-of-the-Art Technologies: Best Practice. Canberra:
Australian Government Printing Service.
Mager, R.F. (1988). Making
Instruction Work. Belmont: Lake Publishing Company.
Marquard, M.J. (1996). Building
the learning organization – a systems approach to quantum improvement and
global success. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Mason, R.
(1996, June). Synchronous versus
asynchronous technologies for distance education. Panel at the ED-MEDIA
96-World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia & Telecommunications.
Boston, MA: AACE.
Mason, R.
(1998). Globalising education. Trends and applications. London & New
York: Routledge.
Mason, R.
(1999). European trends in the virtual
delivery of education. In Farrell, G. M (Ed.), The development of
virtual education: a global perspective (pp. 77 - 87). Vancouver: The
Commonwealth of Learning. [Online]. Available:
http://www.col.org/virtualed/index.htm
[2000, January 8].
Mason, R.
(1999, July). Global Education: Fad or Fraud? Keynote at the ED-MEDIA
99-World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia &
Telecommunications. Seattle: AACE.
McCullagh, A. (1995, September). What
are the risks? (1). Paper presented at New Media and On-line Commerce
conference, Brisbane, Australia.
McKenzie, J.
(2000). The New Information Landscape. . [Online]. Available:
http://www.bham.wednet.edu/twopage.htm [2000, January 3].
Means, B.
(1994). Introduction: using technology to advance educational goals, 1-21. In
Means, B. (Ed.). Technology and education reform -the reality behind the
promise. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Meister, J.C. (1998, June). Extending
the short shelf life of knowledge. Training & development, 52-59.
Middlehurst,
R. (1993). Leading academics. Buckingham: Open University Press.
Miles,
R. H. (1980). Organizational Behavior. Santa Monica, CA: Goodyear
Ministry of
Education (1994a). Introduction. [On-line]. Available:
http://www.minedu.govt.nz/Ed21/introduction.htm
[1998, July 10].
Ministry of
Education (1994b). Education in the 21st Century. [On-line]. Available:
http://www.minedu.govt.nz/Ed21/part-1/5.htm
[1998, July 10].
Ministry
of Education (1994c). Where The
Students Are. [On-line]. Available:
http://www.minedu.govt.nz/Ed21/part-3/7.htm
[1998, July 10].
Ministry of
Education (1997, June). A Guide to tertiary education in New Zealand.
[On-line]. Available: http://www.minedu.govt.nz/Tertiary/Guide/
[1998, July 10].
Ministry
of Education (1998, July). Equivalent
full-time students (EFTS) enrolments at tertiary education institutions up to
31 March 1998. Report prepared. Wellington, New Zealand: Smit, C.
Mintzberg,
H. (1973). The nature of managerial work. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:
Prentice-Hall.
Molinaro,
V. & Drake, S. (1998). Successful educational reform: lessons for leaders. International
Electronic Journal For Leadership in Learning 2(9). [Online]. Available:
http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~iejll/volume2/Molinaro2_9.html [1999, October 23].
Moore, M.G.
(1993). Theory of transactional distance, 22-38. In Desmond Keegan (Ed.). Theoretical
principles of distance education.. London: Routledge.
Morrison,
T.R. (1995). Global transformation and the search for a new educational design.
International Journal of Lifelong Education 14(3):188-213.
Morton, M.S.
(Ed). (1991). The corporation of the 1990s: information technology and
organizational transformation. New York: Oxford University Press.
Munitz, B.
(1997. The New Educational
Paradigm. Keynote at the 18th
World International Council for Distance Education Conference. Pennsylvania:
ICDE.
Myburgh, S.
(1995) Online training. Australian Training Review, December 1995, January,
February 1996, 24-25.
Naidoo, V. & Schutte, C. (1999). Virtual Institutions on the
African Continent, 89-124. In Farrell, G. M (Ed.). The development of
virtual education: a global perspective. Vancouver: The Commonwealth of
Learning. [Online]. Available: http://www.col.org/virtualed/index.htm [2000,
January 8].
Naisbitt,
J. (1982). Megatrends: Ten new directions for transforming our lives.
New York: Warner Books.
National
Center for Higher Education Management Systems (1995). Higher education and
high technology: a case for joint action (Report prepared for the Western
Governors’ Association.) Boulder, Colorado: Jones, D.P.
Negroponte,
N. (1995). Being digital. New York: Knopf.
Negroponte,
N. (1997, June). The Changing Technological Environment. Keynote paper
presented at the 18th World International Council for Distance Education
Conference, Pennstate, Pennsylvania.
Netscape (1996). Netcenter. [On-line].
Available: http://www.netscape.com/
[1996, March 1].
Newman,
W.H. , Warren E.K., McGill A.R. (1987). The process of management. Strategy,
action, results. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Nguyen,
A.T.A, Tan, W., & Kezunovic, L. (1996). Interactive Multimedia on the
World Wide Web: Implementation and Implications for the Tertiary Education
Sector. [Online]. Available:
http://www.scu.edu.au/sponsored/ausweb/ausweb96/educn/nguyen/paper.html
[1997, July 10].
Nipper,
S. (1989). Third generation distance learning and computer conferencing. In
Mason, R. & Kaye, A. (Eds.). Mindweave: communication, computers and
distance education. Oxford: Pergamon Press. In Evans, T.
& Nation, D. (1993). Reforming open and distance education. Critical
reflections. London: Kogan Page.
Nixon, J.
(1996). Professional identity and the restructuring of higher education. Studies
in Higher Education 21:5-16.
Nua Limited
(1999). NUA Internet Surveys.
[On-line]. Available:
http://www.nua.ie/surveys/how_many_online/world.html
[1999, July 10].
NUDC
(1999). The National Universities Degree Consortium. [On-line].
Available:
http://www.nudc.org [2000, January 17].
Nugent, D.
(1996). Teaching and learning for a changing world, 247 - 263). In Zepke, N., Nugent, D. &
Roberts, C. (Eds.). The new self help book for teachers. Wellington: WP Press.
Odlyzko, A.
M. (1994). Tragic loss or good riddance? The impending demise of traditional
scholarly journals. Surfaces IV, 105:1-44
O'Donnell,
J. (1996). The digital challenge. Wilson Quarterly 20.
O’Donovan,
T. (1997). The Impact of Information
Technology on Internal Communication. (Internal report at Wellington
Polytechnic). Wellington, New Zealand: Wellington Polytechnic.
OLA (1995). Open Learning Australia. [On-line]. Available: http://www.ola.edu.au/ [2000, January 18].
Paquettee,
G., Ricciardi-Rigault, C., Paquin, C., Liegeois, S. & Bleicher, E. (1996,
June). Developing the virtual class environment. Proceedings of the
ED-MEDIA 96-World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia &
Telecommunications. Boston, MA: AACE.
Pastore, R. (1995, October 1). Interview: Michael E. Porter. CIO Magazine. [On-line]. Available: http://www.cio.com/archive/100195_porter_print.html [2000, January 19].
Patterson, G. (1997) The university from ancient
Greece to the 20th century. Palmerston North, NZ: Dunmore Press
Paul, R.H. (1990). Open
learning and open management: leadership and integrity in distance education.
London: Kogan Page
Pauleen, D.
(1997). Virtual Teams: Managing the
on-line meeting. [On-line].
Available: http://www.wnp.ac.nz/onlinec/vteam1/public/vt1index.htm [1998, August 31].
Pearce,
J.A.II & Robinson, R.B (1988). Formulation and implementation of
competitive strategy. Homewood, IL: Irwin.
Pennsylvania
State University Libraries (1998). Information literacy & the library.
[On-line]. Available:
http://www.libraries.psu.edu/crsweb/infolit [2000, January 3].
Peters, O.
(1993). Distance in a postindustrial society, 39-58. In Desmond Keegan (Ed.). Theoretical
principles of distance education. London: Routledge.
Peters, T.
(1988). Thriving on chaos: handbook for a management revolution. New
York: Knopf.
Peters, T.
(1988a). Restoring American competitiveness: looking for new models of organizations.
Academy of Management Executive 2:103-109. In
Daft, R. L. (1989). Organization theory and design. 3rd
edition. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Company.
Pettit, D. & Hind, I. (1992). Reorganising the delivery of
educational services and educative leadership. In Duignam, P.A. &
Macpherson, R.J.S. (1992). Educative leadership: a practical theory for new
administrators and managers. London: The Falmer Press.
Ponder,
G.A. & Holmes, K.M. (1999). Purpose, products,
and visions: the creation of new schools. [On-line]. Available: http://www.ilt.columbia.edu/ilt/papers/Ponder.html [1999, August 31].
Postman, N.
(1990). Informing ourselves to death. Speech at a meeting of the German
Informatics Society, October 11, 1990, Stuttgart, Germany. [Online]. Available:
http://www.eff.org/pub/Net_culture/Criticisms/informing_ourselves_to_death.paper
[1999,
April 9]
Rajasingham,
L. (1999). Trends in the virtual delivery of education in New Zealand and
Pacific Islands, 165-70). In Farrell, G.M (Ed.). The development of virtual
education: a global perspective. Vancouver: The Commonwealth of Learning.
[Online]. Available: http://www.col.org/virtualed/index.htm [2000, January 8].
Rajasingham,
L. (1988). Distance education and new communications technologies. PhD
thesis: Victoria University of Wellington.
Randle, K. & Brady, N. (1997). Further education and the new
managerialism. Journal of Further and Higher Education 21(2):2, 229-238.
Rayport,
J.F., & Sviokla, J.J. (1995). Exploiting the virtual value chain. Harvard
Business Review, November - December 1995:75-85.
Rebore, R.W. (1985). Educational
administration. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Recker, M.
(1995, August). The convergence of information and educational technologies.
Paper presented at the 1995 NZCS conference, Wellington, New Zealand.
Richmond,
E. (1997). Reliability issues, QSR-Forum@rsr.com.au. In Bridgeman, N.C (1998). Application
of information technology to rural communities: Case study Taranaki. PhD
thesis: Victoria University of Wellington.
Roberts,
E.B. (1997). Managing invention and innovation: what we’ve learned, 580–599). In Katz, R. (Ed.). The Human side of managing technological innovation :
a collection of readings. New York: Oxford University Press.
Richardson,
J.M., Jr. (1979). Information technology serving society: past, present and
future, 119 - 124. In Chartrand, R.L. & Morentz, J.W (Eds.). Information
technology serving society. Elmsford, NY: Pergamon Press.
Robbins, S.P. & Barnwell, N. (1998). Organisational
theory: concepts and cases. 3rd edition. Sydney: Prentice Hall.
Rogers, E. (1983). Diffusion of
Innovations. 3rd edition. New York: Free Press.
Rogers,
E.M. & Scott, K.L. (1997). The
Diffusion of Innovations Model and
Outreach
from the National Network of Libraries of Medicine to Native American
Communities. [Online]
Available: http://www.nnlm.nlm.nih.gov/pnr/eval/rogers.html [1998, June 22].
Romiszowski,
A (1993, June). Telecommunications and Distance Education. ERIC Digest,
June 1993. [On-line]. Available:
gopher://ericir.syr.edu:70/00/Clearinghouses/16houses/CIT/IT_Digests/Telecom.
[1997, July
11].
Romiszowski A,J. (1984). Producing Instructional
Systems. London: Kogan Page.
Rowntree,
D. (1992) Exploring Open and Distance Learning. London: Kogan Page.
Rumble, G.
(1992). The competitive vulnerability of distance teaching universities,
94-118. In Tait, A. (Ed.). Key issues in open learning.. Harlow:
Longman.
Santaro,
G.M. (1991) Computer Empowerment and the Ten Thousand Things. In American
Symposium on Research in Distance Education: Selected Papers, Part 2.
University Park, Pennsylvania: American Symposium on Research in Distance
Education.
Scott,
W.G. & Mitchell, T R. (1972). Organization theory. Homewood, IL:
Irwin.
Schoderbek,
P.P. (1985) Management systems: conceptual considerations. 3rd
edition. Plano, Texas: Business Publications, Inc.
Schultheis,
R. & Sumner, M. (1989). Management information systems. The manager’s
view. Boston, MA: Irwin.
Seashore,
S.E. (1976). The design of action research, 103-117. In Clark, A.W. (1976) Experimenting
with organizational life: the action research approach. New York: Plenum
Press.
Senate
Employment, Education and Training References (EETR) Committee (1995). Inquiry
into the Development of Open Learning in Australia Parts 1 and 2. Canberra:
Australian Government Publishing Service. In Tillema, H.H. (1995). Changing the
professional knowledge and beliefs of teachers: A training study. Learning
and Instruction 5:291-318.
Senge, P.M.
(1990). The fifth discipline: The art and practice of the learning
organization. London: Century Business.
Shearer, M.
(1995, September). Global directions in information infrastructure.
Address at the 1995 Annual Australian Computer Society Conference, Brisbane,
Australia.
Simon, H.A
(1969). The Architecture of Complexity. The Sciences of the
Artificial, 84-118.
Spence, R.
(1995, August). IT in 2020. Keynote paper presented at the 1995 NZCS
conference, Wellington, New Zealand.
Spender. D
(1996, August). The global university. Keynote
presented at Universities in the 21st
century; education in a borderless world conference,
Singapore.
Spender, D.
(1996a, September). Creativity and the computer education industry.
Paper presented at International Federation for Information processing (IFIP)
96 - 1996 World Conference Teleteaching 96, Canberra, Australia.
Spender, D
(1996b, September). Facing up to the global revolution. Address at the
Wellington Polytechnic, Wellington, New Zealand.
Sproull, L.
& Kiesler, S. (1991). Connections: new ways of working in the networked
organization. The MIT
Press, Cambridge MA.
Stacey, E. (1997, June). Learning
collaboratively online. Proceedings of 18th World International
Council for Distance Education Conference. Pennsylvania: ICDE.
Stair, R.M.
(1992). Principles of Information Systems. A Managerial Approach.
Boston, MA: Boyd & Fraser.
Stoner,
J.A.F. (1989). Management. 4th edition. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:
Prentice-Hall.
Swanson, E. B. (1994). Information Systems Innovation
Among Organizations. Management Science 40(9): 1069-1092.
Stofflett,
R.T. (1994). The accommodation of science pedagogical knowledge: The
application of conceptual change constructs to teacher education. Journal of
Research in Science Teaching 31:787-810. In Taylor, P., Lopez, L. &
Quadrelli, C. (1996). Flexibility, Technology and Academics’ Practices:
Tantalising Tales and Muddy Maps, Evaluations and Investigations Programme,
Department of Employment, Education, Training and Youth Affairs, Canberra.
[On-line]. Available:
http://www.anu.edu.au/uniserve/eip/muddy/muddy.html
[1998, June 20].
Szabo, M.
(1996, June). Change in the use of alternative delivery systems through
professional development within colleges and universities. Proceedings of
the ED-MEDIA 96-World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia &
Telecommunications. Boston, MA: AACE.
Szabo,
M., Anderson, T., & Fuchs, A. (1997). A change system: the
training, infrastructure and empowerment system: (TIES). [On-line].
Available:
http://www.quasar.ualberta.ca/edmedia/TIES/TIES_Report.html
[1999, July 10].
Tapscott, D.
(1996). The digital economy : promise and peril in the age of networked
intelligence. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Tapscott.
D. & Caston. A. (1993). Paradigm Shift. The new promise of information
technology. McGraw-Hill.
Taylor,
J.C. and White, V.J. (1991). The Evaluation of the Cost Effectiveness of
Multi-media Mixed-mode Teaching and Learning, Canberra: Australian
Government Publishing Service,
Taylor, P.,
Lopez, L. & Quadrelli, C. (1996). Flexibility, Technology and Academics’
Practices:
Tantalising Tales and Muddy Maps, Evaluations and Investigations
Programme, Department of Employment, Education, Training and Youth Affairs,
Canberra.
[On-line]. Available: http://www.anu.edu.au/uniserve/eip/muddy/muddy.html
[1998, June 20].
TeleCampus
Online Course Directory (1999). [On-line]. Available:
http://apsis.telecampus.edu/
[1999, July 10].
The
Association of Polytechnics in New Zealand (1998). The Association of
Polytechnics in New Zealand. [On-line].
Available: http://www.apnz.ac.nz/polysect.htm [1998, July 10].
The
University of Texas at Austin (1998). World
Lecture Hall. [On-line]. Available: http://search.utexas.edu/world/lecture/ [1998, July 10].
Thomas, O.,
Carswell, L., Price, B., Petre, M. (1998). A holistic approach to supporting
distance learning using the Internet: transformation, not translation. British
Journal of Educational Technology 29(2):149-161.
Thompson,
M.M. (1997, June). Professional development of distance educators: beyond
technological literacy. Proceedings of 18th World International Council for
Distance Education Conference. Pennsylvania: ICDE.
Tiffin, J.
(1996, February). The Virtual Class is coming. Education and Information
Technologies 1(2).
Tiffin,
J. (1996a, November). The coming of the virtual college. Paper presented
to the Pacific Telecommunications Council. The PTC
Annual Conference, Waikiki, Hawaii.
Tiffin, J.
(1996b, November). In search of the virtual class. Paper presented at
the Virtual University Symposium, Melbourne, Australia.
Tiffin,
J. (1997, February). Policy issues that face the establishment of a global
virtual university. Presentation at the International Symposium on GII/NII Globa
Cooperation and Research and Education.
Tiffin,
J. (1997a, April). Cyberpoly: enhancing learning in an information society.
Taranaki Polytechnic Graduation Address, New Plymouth, New Zealand.
Tiffin, J.
(1997b, April). The virtual class: enhancing learning in an information
society. Keynote paper presented at the Innovate for Learning - Applying
New Technologies OTFE/OTS Conference, Moorabbin, Victoria, Australia.
Tiffin, J. & Rajasingham, L. (1995). In Search
Of the Virtual Class: Education in an Information Society. London:
Routledge.
Tillema,
H.H. (1995). Changing the professional knowledge and beliefs of teachers: A
training study. Learning and Instruction. 5:291-318.
Top
research managers speak out on innovation. (1970, November). Research Management,
580-599. In Roberts, E.B. (1997). Managing invention and innovation: what we’ve
learned. In Katz, R. (Ed.). The Human
side of managing technological innovation : a collection of readings. New
York: Oxford University Press.
Trow, M
(1996). Continuities and change in American higher education. In Burgen, A.
(Ed.) Goals and purposes of higher education in the 21st century.
London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Underwood,
A. (1995, September). What are the risks? (2). Paper presented at New
Media and On-line Commerce conference, Brisbane, Australia.
Universitas
21 (1999). Universitas 21 - A network for international higher education.
[On-line]. Available: http://www.universitas.edu.au/ [2000, January 16].
University
of Illinois. (1999). Report of the University of Illinois Teaching at an Internet Distance
Seminar. Illinois: Vice President for Academic Affairs. [On-line]. Available: http://www.vpaa.uillinois.edu/tid/report/toc.html [2000, January
25].
Uys, P.M.
(1997a, June). Managing a hypermedia courseware development project:
dynamics and conclusions. Proceedings of 18th World International Council
for Distance Education Conference. Pennsylvania: ICDE.
Uys, P.M.
(1997b, June). Supporting cyber students over the Web: the on-line campus of
Wellington Polytechnic. Proceedings of 18th World International
Council for Distance Education Conference. Pennsylvania: ICDE.
Uys, P.M.
(1997, September). Trends in cyberspace education: what’s happening?
Paper presented at the Wellington Polytechnic Winter Lecture series,
Wellington, New Zealand.
Uys, P.M.
(1997a, October). Towards the virtual class: trends in cyberspace education.
a) Paper
presented at Virtual Technologies in
Tertiary Education: A Vision for New
Zealand
Conference,
and published in
b) Zepke,
N. (Ed.). (1998) Connections, 47,
Wellington, New Zealand.
Uys, P.M. (1997b, October). The Wellington Polytechnic On-line Campus:
Quo Vadis? Paper presented at the Wellington Polytechnic Winter Lecture
series, Wellington, New Zealand.
Uys, P.M.
(1998). Towards the Virtual Class: On-line Hypermedia in Higher Education,
55-72. In Hazemi, R., Hailes, S. & Wilbur, S. (Eds.). The Digital
University: Reinventing the Academy. London: Springer-Verlag.
Uys, P.M.
(1998, April). New educational technology and the global village: key
management issues in higher education. Proceedings of Towards the Global
University: Strategies for the Third Millennium Conference. Tours: University
of Central Lancashire.
Uys, P.M.
(1998, June). From vision to reality: the development of distributed on-line
education at Wellington Polytechnic. Proceedings of TFL '98 - New
Dimensions in the Application of Technology for Education Conference.
Palmerston North: Massey University.
Uys, P.M.
(1999, July). Towards the Virtual Class: Technology Issues from a Fractal
Management Perspective". Proceedings of the ED-MEDIA 99-World
Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia & Telecommunications.
Seattle: AACE
Uys, P.M.
(1999, January). Towards the Virtual Class in Southern Africa: Vision, Myths
and Realities. Keynote presented at the Technology in Interactive Education
(TIE) conference, Durban, South Africa.
Van der Molen , H.J (1996). Creation, transfer and application
of knowledge through the higher education system. In Burgen, A. (Ed.). Goals
and purposes of higher education in the 21st century. London:
Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Van Dyk,
P.S., Palmer, P. N., Smith, P.J., Vrba, M.J. & De Klerk, A. (1985). Business
Economics. Pretoria: UNISA.
Victor, S.P. (1999, July). Instructional
Applications of Information Architecture. Proceedings of the
ED-MEDIA 99-World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia &
Telecommunications. Seattle: AACE.
Viskovic, A. (1997). Curriculum Design and Development. [On-line]. Available: http://www.wnp.ac.nz/onlinec/bedu6204/public/204welcome.htm
[1998, August 31].
Viskovic,
A. (1997, December). Experimenting with the Internet: Developing New
Patterns of Communication with Distance Learners. Paper presented at the
New Zealand Association of Research in Education (NZARE) Conference, Auckland.
Viskovic,
A. (1998a). Exploring the Possibilities
of Hypertext. In Knight, M. (Ed.). Research Making, papers from the
Wellington Polytechnic Winter Lecture Series. Wellington, New Zealand: WP Press.
Viskovic,
A. (1998b). Hypertext and Hypermedia: An
Exploration of the Potential of
Hypertext and Multimedia Delivery of Learning
Materials. In Zepke, N. (Ed.). Connections, 47, Wellington, New Zealand.
Vygotsky, L.S (1962). Thought and
language. Cambridge. MA: MIT Press.
WA
Telecentres (1995). WA Telecentres. Case study 1995. Perth,
Australia: Short, G.
Weber, S.
(1996). The future of the university. In Smith, T. Ideas of the university.
Sydney: University of Sydney.
Wellington
Polytechnic (1997). STATEMENT OF CORPORATE OBJECTIVES 1998 - 2000. Internal
Staff Memo. Wellington Polytechnic,
14 April 1997.
Wellington
Polytechnic. (1998). 1998 Qualifications guide. Wellington, NZ: Author.
Wellington Polytechnic
(1998, April). Teaching Techniques for
Adult Learning. [On-line].
Available: http://www.wnp.ac.nz/onlinec/introcer/alpha/map.htm [1998, April 30].
Wellington
Polytechnic (1998, May). Wellington
Polytechnic On-line Campus. [On-line].
Available: http://www.wnp.ac.nz/onlinec/virtcamp/ [1998, May 30].
Wellington
Polytechnic (1998, June). The HYDI
Educational New Media Centre. [On-line]. Available: http://www.wnp.ac.nz/hydi [1998, June 20].
Wellington
Polytechnic (1998, July). Wellington
Polytechnic. [On-line]. Available: http://www.wnp.ac.nz
[1998, July 15].
Wizards, N.
(1997). Internet domain survey. [On-line]. Available: http://www.nw.com/ [1997, July 8].
Willmot, M.
& McLean, M. (1994). Evaluating flexible learning: A case study. Journal
for Higher Educatioin 18(3):99-108.
Woodhouse,
D. (1999). Summary of virtual conference on accreditation, quality assurance
and credit banking. Vancouver: Commonwealth of Learning. In Butterfield,
S., Chambers M., Moseley, B., Prebble, T., Uys, P., Woodhouse, D. (1999, July).
External quality assurance for the virtual institution. AAU Series on
Quality Number 4, Academic Audit Unit, New Zealand.
Yahoo! (2000).Yahoo! Messenger [On-line].
Available:
http://messenger.yahoo.com/
[2000, January 19].
Yetton, P.
(1993). Managing the Introduction of Technology in the Delivery and
Administration
of Higher Education. [Online]. Available
http://www.deetya.gov.au/divisions/hed/operations/eip9703/front.htm
[1998, June 20].
Zack, M.
& Serino, M. (1996). Supporting Teams with Collaborative Technology.
[On-line]. Available: http://www2.lotus.com/services/institute.nsf [1999, April 9].
Zepke, N. (1997a). Introduction to Educational
Research. [On-line]. Available: http://www.wnp.ac.nz/onlinec/bedu6205/public/205welcome.htm
[1998, August 31].
Zepke, N. (1997b). Narrative and Constructivism in
Cyberspace: Instructional Design for Distance Delivery using Hypertext on the
Internet. Journal of Distance Learning, 3(1):20-28.
Zepke, N. (1997, October 28). Virtual Classroom: Holy Grail or Tin Can? NZ Infotech
Weekly, 23.
Zepke, N. (1998) Instructional Design for Distance
Delivery Using Hypertext and the Internet: Assumptions and Applications. Quality
in Higher Education 4(2):173-186.
Zuber-Skerrit,
O. (1992). Action research in higher education. London: Kogan Page.